Avermectin vs Ivermectin: What are the Differences?

1. Definition

Avermectin is a class of natural compounds derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis.

Ivermectin is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as macrocyclic lactones.

 

2. Chemical Structure

Avermectins consist of several related compounds, the most notable of which are Avermectin B1a and Avermectin B1b.

Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of Avermectin B1 and has a slightly modified chemical structure compared to the parent compound. The primary difference in structure is that ivermectin is a chemically reduced form of abamectin, differing by a double bond between carbons 22 and 25.

 

3. Mechanism of Action

Both avermectin and ivermectin work by binding to specific chloride channels (glutamate-gated chloride channels) in the nerve and muscle cells of parasites, leading to paralysis and death of the parasites. However, ivermectin has been optimized for better efficacy and safety in its applications.

 

4. Formulations

Avermectin is available in various formulations for veterinary use, including injectables, pour-ons, and oral formulations. It can also be used in bulk form for agricultural products. See “Avermectin Pour-on Solution” here!

Ivermectin is available in various forms such as tablets, topical creams, and injectables for veterinary use. See ” Ivermectin Injection” here!

 

5. Efficacy

Ivermectin is generally considered more potent than Avermectin.

 

6. Application

Avermectins are primarily used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of various parasitic infections in livestock and pets. They are effective against a range of parasites, including roundworms, arthropods (like mites and insects), and some ectoparasites.

They may also be used in agricultural settings as pesticides to control parasite populations in crops.

Ivermectin can be used in both veterinary and human medicine.

In veterinary medicine, it is used similarly to avermectin for treating parasitic infections in animals. But it is ineffective against tapeworms, trematodes and protozoa.

In humans, it is widely used to treat conditions such as:

Onchocerciasis (river blindness)

Lymphatic filariasis

Strongyloidiasis

Scabies

Other parasitic infections

 

7. Metabolic Pathway

Ivermectin is usually metabolized by the liver, while avermectin is generally metabolized by the kidneys.

 

8. Safety and Side Effects

Generally, the safety profile of avermectins is well-established in veterinary use, but specific formulations and dosages must be adhered to in order to avoid toxicity.

Ivermectin has a well-documented safety profile in animals when used at recommended doses. However, it can cause side effects, especially in individuals with high parasite loads, leading to a reaction known as the “Mazzotti reaction.” This can include fever, rash, and other symptoms due to the death of parasites.

 

9. Regulatory Status

Avermectins are primarily used in veterinary and agricultural contexts and are not typically used in human medicine.

Ivermectin has been extensively studied and is approved for use in humans. It is included in the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, highlighting its importance in treating parasitic infections.

 

Conclusion

In summary, while ivermectin is derived from avermectins and shares similar antiparasitic properties, the two differ in their specific chemical compositions, formulations, applications, and regulatory status. Ivermectin is widely used in human medicine and veterinary practices, whereas avermectins are more common in veterinary and agricultural contexts.