What Is Ivermectin and How Does It Work?

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic medication that is primarily used to treat various parasitic infections in animals. It is effective against conditions such as certain worms, ectoparasites (like lice and scabies), and some protozoa. Well, when taken orally or injected, how does it work in the body of animals to perform its function? Read to explore now.

What Is Ivermectin?

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic medication used to treat various parasitic infections in animals. It is well-known for its effectiveness against certain types of worms, ectoparasites (such as lice and scabies), and some protozoan infections. Here’s a detailed overview:

Classification	belongs to a class of medications known as macrocyclic lactones
Chemical Structure	derived from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectin
Appearance	white crystalline powder
Formulation	available in various forms, including ivermectin tablets, ivermectin topical lotions or creams, and ivermectin injections
Applications	antiparasitic drugs; mainly used to prevent and treat various parasitic infections in animals, such as heartworms in dogs and certain types of worms in livestock

How Does Ivermectin Work?

Ivermectin operates through multiple mechanisms to combat parasitic infections in animals.

1. Binding to Glutamate-Gated Chloride Channels

Ivermectin primarily targets glutamate-gated chloride channels, which are present in the nerve and muscle cells of many parasites. When ivermectin binds to these channels, it causes them to open, leading to an influx of chloride ions (Cl⁻) into the cells.

This mechanism is particularly effective against helminths (worms) and ectoparasites like lice and scabies.

2. Hyperpolarization

The increase in chloride ion concentration inside the cells results in hyperpolarization of the cell membranes. This means the inside of the cell becomes more negatively charged relative to the outside. Hyperpolarization makes it more difficult for the cells to generate action potentials (electrical signals), resulting in reduced neural activity and muscle contraction.

3. Paralysis and Death of Parasites

On one hand, the inability to properly transmit signals leads to paralysis of the muscle cells, which in turn immobilizes the parasite. On the other hand, parasites are also unable to maintain normal physiological functions, ultimately leading to their death.

4. Additional Mechanisms

– Effects on Other Channels: Ivermectin may also affect other types of chloride channels and neurotransmitter receptors, contributing to its antiparasitic effects.

– Targeting Other Parasites: While ivermectin is most effective against nematodes and arthropods, its mechanism can vary slightly among different types of parasites, impacting how it works for each specific organism.

Ivermectin-Injection-1

What Are the Effects on Parasites?

These combined functions can result in:

1. Paralysis: The parasites become paralyzed and are unable to move or feed, which ultimately leads to their death.

2. Reduced Reproductive Capacity: In some cases, ivermectin can also reduce the reproductive capacity of the parasites, helping to control their population.

Conclusion

Ivermectin is a crucial veterinary medication in the fight against various parasitic infections. It works by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels in the nervous system of parasites, leading to paralysis and death due to hyperpolarization of their nerve and muscle cells. Its selective action on invertebrates makes it an effective treatment for various parasitic infections while minimizing toxicity to animals.

Author : Gnee Bio TechnologyEstablished in 2011, TIANJIN GNEE BIO TECHNIQUE CO., LTD. has more than ten years of continuous research and development of a variety of Veterinary drugs, focusing on the health of your livestock, poultry, and pets.